Colds, or upper respiratory tract infections (URTI’s), are the most common cause of illness in modern society. Most are viral in nature and there are literally hundreds of viruses that cause common cold symptoms (i.e. Congested/runny nose, soar throat, cough, headache, etc.). The actual symptoms vary from person to person and from illness to illness. Symptoms generally last from a few days to a week or more. It is due to this wide array of causes that immunisation against “a cold” is impossible.  

To “catch” a “cold” you need to be exposed to a cold virus. Simply getting cold during the winter months will not give you a cold. The reason why colds are more prevalent during the winter months is that people need to be in closer proximity to one another, they stay in doors and are therefore more likely to infect one another by the spread of viruses via sneezing, coughing and physical contact.

Colds are more common in the winter months. Cold weather by itself does not increase the chance of getting a cold. People are in closer contact with each other at this time of year, because they stay indoors, and so are more likely to infect each other. The viruses that cause colds are spread by sneezing, coughing and hand contact.

Whilst a cold can’t be “cured” the symptoms can be eased. Children can be given appropriate does of paracetamol, while nose sprays will help relieve nasal congestion. Whilst hunger will likely be suppressed children should be encouraged to drink and maintain hydration levels.

Due to its viral nature using antibiotics, cough medicines and aspirin is ineffective. The body’s immune system will generally overcome the ailment without any specific treatment however if symptoms persist and the patient refuses to drink, vomits frequently, has an intense headache, shows no improvement within 48 hours, has a high fever that does not respond to paracetamol, is pale and listless or experiences respiratory difficulty or any other symptoms of concern, a doctor should be contacted immediately.

Even though it is virtually impossible to prevent adults and children from contracting a cold, the best form of protection is prevention. Simple hygiene habits like covering noses/mouths when sneezing/coughing, washing hands and avoiding direct physical contact when infected are effective interventions. Mega dosing with vitamins will not improve resistance.

Who to turn to for help

• Your doctor